Marketing Research Marketing Management - 1862 Words

Marketing Research Introduction Marketing research is â€Å"the process of defining a marketing problem and opportunity, systematically collecting and analyzing information, and recommending actions.† (Kerin, Hartley, Rudelius, 2015) Marketers use marketing research to improve and reduce the risk of marketing decisions. The role of marketing research is to provide management with significant, precise, consistent, valid, and up-to-date information. Marketing research is not a flawless tactic to solve marketing problems, but it does decrease the chance of making irrational decisions. Marketing managers have to make various decisions to satisfy customer needs. â€Å"They make decisions about potential opportunities, target market selection, market†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Five-step marketing research approach leads to marketing actions. Lessons learned from the past research mistakes are fed back to improve each of the steps.† (Kerin et al, 2015) First Step: Define the Problem The first step marketing researchers follow is defining the problem. Once the problem has been stated, they must set the research objectives. Research objectives is specific, measurable goals that need to be met in order to reach a solution. In order for research objectives to be effective the researcher must understand the purpose of the marketing actions. There are three types of marketing research. Exploratory research provides ideas for a problem that has yet to be clearly defined. Descriptive research allows researchers to see the connection between two different elements. Causal research lets the researchers determine how one change to an independent variable manipulates the dependent variable. Defining the problem and forming appropriate research objectives are very challenging tasks for the researchers. If the objective is too broad it is nearly impossible to conduct research on it. However, if the objective is too narrow there is a chance the researchers will not be able to obtain enough information to help find a solution to the original problem. Step 2: Develop the Research Plan After the research objectives have been established and explored, researchers must develop the research plan. The researcher must

Night Creature Dark Moon Chapter Twenty Three Free Essays

The shrill ring of the phone nearly made me jump out of my skin. Following the sound into the hall, I snatched up the receiver. â€Å"Hello?† Static came over the line, so loud I pulled the phone away from my ear. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Twenty Three or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Hello?† I tried again. â€Å"Junkyard.† Screeech! â€Å"Edge of town.† More static. â€Å"Edsel behind a blue school bus.† I could barely understand the words. I couldn’t recognize the voice. â€Å"What?† Snap. â€Å"Research.† Crackle. â€Å"Serum.† â€Å"Edward?† I asked. Pop. The line went dead. I hung up and considered what I’d heard. Edward hadn’t called in, perhaps because he was back. In the junkyard. Waiting for me to come and get my research. But what if that hadn’t been Edward? Shaking my head, I headed into the bedroom, got dressed, checked my pocket for the icon – still there – then grabbed my shoes. Outside Nic’s door, I paused and listened. I could hear him breathing, slow and steady. Asleep. Good. I wasn’t going to take him with me. Not this time. I had to retrieve my research and create more serum, or I’d do a lot more than change. I’d kill. I wouldn’t be able to stop myself. I jogged north on Midtown Road. When the buildings ended, there was a junkyard. No fence encircled the area. If anyone wanted to drag away a wreck, more power to them. I’d slept through the day dreaming of Billy, and the cool caress of the moon trickled over my skin. Only a few nights from full, the orb was growing along with my hunger. With that thought driving me, I waded into the jungle of metal. For a tiny town, they had a lot of old cars. It took me ten minutes to locate a blue bus. Behind the vehicle, half-covered by the low-hanging branches of a very old tree, sat an Edsel. Or at least that was what the nameplate said. I’d never seen one before. There was a bite to the night, a chill in the air. I could have sworn a ghostly howl rose toward the stars, but when I turned my face upwind, I smelled nothing but motor oil. Edward was nowhere to be found. Unease trickled over me. The darkness pressed down; a sudden silence seemed to pulse with secrets and questions. My shoulders twitched as if I had a neon bull’s-eye painted on my back. walked around the Edsel. Where would I hide research, if I was the one doing the hiding? I went through the car, the trunk, the glove compartment. Nothing there but leaves, so I crawled underneath, checked the carriage, the tires, the ground, but there was no sign of any recent disturbance. 1 began to get the drift that the phone call hadn’t been on the up-and-up. Crawling out from under the car, I jogged back the way I’d come. I’d reached the main thoroughfare through the center of the junkyard, little more than a large space between the wrecks, when I stopped. Clouds danced past the moon, spreading a ghostly, flickering light. Shadows danced among the dead vehicles. Something slunk low in the tall grass at the edge of the clearing. The breeze whispered, caressing my skin, making me shiver. Something was here. I turned in a slow circle and my fingers brushed fur. Glancing at my hand, I scowled. I could still feel the tactile impression, but I saw nothing. A body thumped into the back of my legs, sending me forward. I tripped over an invisible barrier and slammed into the ground. Flipping onto my back, I tensed in expectation of an attack. None came. More edgy than I’d ever been, I got to my feet. The hair on my arms and at the back of my neck vibrated with awareness. I couldn’t run; I couldn’t just stand here and let whatever was stalking me do its worst. I had power of my own, but in human form I was as helpless as everyone else. As I tilted my face to the moon, Jessie’s jeans split at the seams; so did her shirt. My shoes cracked open with an annoyingly ripe shriek, and I was free. The odd, faint scent of wolf distracted me. I heard them growling, pacing, hunting, but all I saw were wisps and shadows. Nothing concrete. If I hadn’t smelled wolves, heard them, too, I wouldn’t have been able to distinguish just what it was that wavered here and there like ghosts. A slight movement and I spun just as a shimmering shade blew through me. I was cold, then hot. I heard the whisper of a voice I couldn’t understand, caught a glimpse of†¦ something I couldn’t quite place. As I turned slowly with a stiff-legged gait, wavering entities surrounded me. I darted at one, but it danced out of my way. Another levitated, then flew off into the trees. A third let me catch it, but when I encountered the strange cold spot, the whisper, I yelped and backpedaled with all my might. â€Å"Who’s out there?† I froze at the strange voice and ducked behind a rusted pickup truck. A graying, grizzled old man wandered through the wrecks. The night watchman or maybe the owner, he carried a rifle; however, that wasn’t what made the ruff on the back of my neck lift. A low rumble spread across the night. A distinct io warning, which the man didn’t appear to hear, even when the growl increased in volume and was joined by several others. Shadows flickered, circled, converged. Torn, I perched near the left truck tire, hoping whatever stalked the junkyard would go away. A pained whine erupted from my mouth, and the man’s gaze swung in my direction. Me, he could hear. I ducked low and hid behind the bumper. The shadows inched closer; the growls escalated to snarls. I had no choice. Though the ghostly wolves might not be able to hurt me, they might hurt him. I couldn’t let an innocent civilian be bitten or killed by Lord knows what. Bursting from cover, I ran straight at the first shadow in my path. I braced for the disturbing cold spot; nevertheless when I thundered through it I lost my footing, then tumbled across the grass, snarling, snapping at half a dozen other cold spots. I reached my feet, spun about, saw nothing and felt even less. Were they gone? Panting, I paced. Too much power, too much adrenaline. I had to fight something. Kill it and now. I caught a faint scent and followed it to the trees. Diving in, I sensed them all around me. My lip curled. I showed them my teeth. Come on! I wanted to shout. I can take you. I can take all of you. The foliage shivered. The odd smell faded. They had run because they were afraid, and I loved it. Tingling, I shook my fur as if I’d just stepped out of an icy river. Unable to contain myself, I tilted my nose to the moon and howled. As the sound of my exultation faded, the wind whispered, and this time I understood the words. Give in to the power. Embrace what you are and discover the secret you seek. I contemplated the message as the rushing of my blood and the racing of my heart lessened. The air seemed cooler, the moon brighter, the trees taller, and the grass softer, more fragrant. My head buzzed with the glory, the mystery, the strength, which was the only reason I forgot about the watchman until the squelch of a shoe against wet earth made me remember. By then it was too late. He shot me. How to cite Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Twenty Three, Essay examples

Continuing Professional Development For the Role of Pharmacist

Questions: This Continuing Professional Development for the role of pharmacist Reflection: 1. What do you need to learn? 2. How is this learning relevant to the safe and effective practice of pharmacy? 3. Why do you think that this learning may be useful for your future practice? 4. What have you learnt? 5. Give an example of how what you have learned could be applied to patient care in your future role as a pharmacist 6. What have been benefits of these activities to your learning? Answers: 1. What do you need to learn After reading the entire literature on Hepatic Disorder, I have come to know about the morphological and physiological aspects of the organ. I have highlighted towards several topics, which I need to analyze in details. I need to understand about the effective strategies facilitating towards minimizing hepatic disorders from the patients of England. I need to understand the effect of Hepatic Disorder and its consequences among the patients who are suffering from it. I need to know about the strategies undertaken by the recent medical practitioners to reduce (or eliminate) the effect of hepatic malfunctioning. I need to learn about the various consequences of hepatic disorder. This would be in relation to the viral agents and the development of malignancies. I need to learn about the strategies for managing the complications of hepatic disorder as it would be a powerful factor. Understanding the patient evaluation strategies along with acquiring information about liver assessment would be the primary objective of the study. Keeping a track on the drug intervention along with the therapeutic interventions for enhancing the health outcomes would be my target purpose for the research. Thereby developing the drug for gaining a productive outcome in the future would be the primary objective of the study. 2. How is this learning relevant to the safe and effective practice of pharmacy Learning about Hepatic Disorder helps in understanding the rationale regarding the drastic consequences of several common disorders. Hepatic Disorder leads to several consequences such as Jaundice, Pale Stools, Dark Urine, Spider Naevi, Bruising Bleeding, Encephalopathy, Portal Hypertension, Splenomegaly, Varices, Gynaecomastia, Pruritus and Ascites. Thus, assessing the factors leading to such disorders along with the carnal knowledge would help to minimize these effects to a huge extent. The various drug assessments such as Luxative therapy for preventing Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE), Rifaximin, L-Ornithine-L-Aspartate (LOLA), Spironolactone (for treating hepatic ascites) are involved. Thus identifying the high-risk factors of hepatic disorders leading to various consequences highlights towards the involvement of safety and effective practice of pharmacy Hepatic disorder in an individual tends to highlight several drastic consequences. This includes Jaundice, Pale Stools, Dark Urine, Spider Naevi, Bruising Bleeding, Encephalopathy, Portal Hypertension, Splenomegaly, Varices, Gynaecomastia, Pruritus and Ascites. Thus, assessment of the liver function at the early stage of the disease symptom needs to be analysed efficiently. Liver Assessment includes routine Liver Function Tests (LFTs), which includes Bilirubin, Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT) and Gamma Glutamyltransferase (GGT). These effective learning therapies are effective in promoting safe and effective practices in the pharmacy. 3. Why do you think that this learning may be useful for your future practice I think that learning about hepatic disorders along with its medical practices are crucial for future practice because this is one of the most common causes of death in England. Hepatic disorders are mainly accustomed due to improper lifestyles. This includes excessive alcohol consumption, obesity and infections due to hepatitis B and C. Thus, minimizing these consequences would be an efficient and challenging issue for a medical practitioner. The medical practitioners along with the several medical research teams would definitely target in minimizing these consequences in the future. Apart from the factor of Hepatitis, Liver malfunction is also caused by malignancies. Hence, screening for hepatic disorder would also help in developing research studies for cancer in the future. Moreover, the cost of medication for the hepatic disorder is quite high as compared to the other treatments in England. From the literature review, I have learnt that the disease cost for hepatic malfunctioning is 460m per year (on an average scale). Thus, reducing the effects of hepatic disorder would not only be philologically effective, but it would be adequate help regarding financial aspect of an individual. Thus, reducing these factors would contribute to develop a hepatic disorder free environment in the future. 4. What have you learnt I have discovered a brief review of the pathophysiology of the liver disease. The literature initiates with the basic structure and function of the liver. The organ being 1.4 kg (for women) and 1.6 kg (for men) is mainly divided into two loves. The entire structure is made up of hepatocytes, which is the metabolic cells of the liver. The liver has the function of metabolism (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, thyroxine, bilirubin, insulin, various medicines, hormones, aldosterone and vitamins. The organ synthesizes plasma proteins, clotting factors, cholesterol, glucose, bile, amino acid and urea. Storage of fat-soluble vitamins, glycogen, regulating the blood sugar and providing immunity are the associated functions of the liver. Furthermore, I have learnt about the two types of liver diseases, i.e. Acute Liver Disease and Chronic Liver Disease. When the onset of the symptoms does not prevail for six months, then the patient is subjected to acute liver disorder. On the other hand, the patients suffering from more than six months are accustomed to Chronic Liver disease. There are various causes of liver diseases which are observed by me while studying the literature. One of the primary causes is consumption of alcohol. This is supported by the occurrence of viral infection. It is estimated that Hepatitis A, which spreads via oral fecal causes hepatic disorders to a great extent. Hepatitis B causes chronic disorder despite having the effective vaccination. The transmission mainly occurs via infected blood and bloody fluids. Hepatitis C is a blood-borne virus, which is primarily transmitted through injectable drug usage. Apart from the viral infections, the hepatic disorder can also be encountered due to genetic imbalance. This includes the Haemochromatosis, Wilsons disease and Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency, which results to severe liver malfunctions within an individual. Hepatic disorders are also attained by autoimmune effects, which affect young women between the ages of 20-40. Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, which causes accumulation of small and intrahepatic bile ducts, results in the formation of fibrosis and cirrhosis. Malignancy is also associated with the hepatic disorder largely. 5. Give an example of how what you have learned could be applied to patient care in your future role as a pharmacist As I have learnt that many medicines cause liver dysfunction, this leads to the development of direct toxicity of the metabolites. It was estimated that patients with the pre-existing hepatic disorder are not associated with increased risk of Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity (apart from metho-methotrexate and sodium valproate). The drugs induce all forms of acute and chronic hepatic disorders. Hepatic disorder in an individual tends to highlight several drastic consequences. This includes Jaundice, Pale Stools, Dark Urine, Spider Naevi, Bruising Bleeding, Encephalopathy, Portal Hypertension, Splenomegaly, Varices, Gynaecomastia, Pruritus and Ascites. Thus, assessment of the liver function at the early stage of the disease symptom needs to be analysed efficiently. Liver Assessment includes routine Liver Function Tests (LFTs), which includes Bilirubin, Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT) and Gamma Glutamyltransferase (GGT). Thus developing drugs against such disorders would be the key objective for the pharmacist. The drugs need to be developed at an effective rate, which would broaden the spectrum to an enormous extent. Hence, being a pharmacist I would insist on withdrawing every drug that has the possibility to develop hepatic malfunctioning. This would be an effective therapy for the patient, which would reduce the catastrophic phenomenon to a huge extent. 6. What have been the benefits of these activities to your learning The activities undertaken from the literature context would highlight towards the medical intervention associated with hepatic disorder. The background highlighted towards the possible outcomes of over-consumption of alcohol, thus providing a social awareness statement for the community. Moreover, the awareness of various drugs susceptible to developing hepatic disorders is simultaneously highlighted in this context, which needs to be precisely monitored before public usage. Apart from these, the literature focused towards the benefits of the drugs, which are associated towards minimizing/eradicating the consequences of hepatic disorders from the community. As observed previously, the hepatic disease is one of the most common factors of England causing thousands of deaths every year. Hence, understanding these risk factors would help in minimizing these factors and thereby saving these affected patients to a huge extent. Thus study provided a social awareness by interrelating the effect of alcohol consumption on hepatic disorders. Apart from the social awareness factor, the study also correlated towards the various factors of hepatic disorder such as malignancy and viral pathogens. Thus, it provided a room for further research regarding this interrelationship status to develop effective therapies and drugs against these issues. This is one of the biggest benefits related to the study, which signifies towards a better future for tomorrow.