In what ways did the British government attempt to hide the effects of the Blitz from the people of Britain Essays

In what ways did the British government attempt to hide the effects of the Blitz from the people of Britain Essays In what ways did the British government attempt to hide the effects of the Blitz from the people of Britain Essay In what ways did the British government attempt to hide the effects of the Blitz from the people of Britain Essay When war broke out in 1939, there was an air of reluctance among the British people. The horror of the First World War was fresh in peoples minds and many did not want to experience that again. The government recognised the need to keep up morale, because if it were destroyed then the war would be lost, and designated a department, the Ministry of Information, for the production of propaganda and the organisation of censorship. When the Blitz started in 1940, the government thought it especially important to safeguard the public spirit due to the damaging effects of civilian bombings, both physical and psychological. They used a variety of tools to accomplish this, such as radio broadcasts, newsreels, and poster campaigns. However, it was not a simple matter of hiding information from the public. Some things were censored, but it was more about presenting a carefully crafted image to people and using scenes of destruction to convey positive, morale-boosting messages. One of the ways in which the British government attempted to control public opinion was through the use of propaganda. Multiple poster campaigns were commissioned and Ministry of Information newsreels were watched by thousands every week. Radio broadcasts, listened to by a large proportion of the country, were also heavily influenced by the government. The only radio station available was owned by the BBC, which was in constant communication with the Ministry of Information about how events should be reported. Even light entertainment on the radio often contained an underlying message. Censorship was also carried out. Journalists had to submit articles for checking and some newspapers which breached these regulations were officially banned. Several pictures and clips of film footage deemed not suitable for public viewing, such as a film of a mass burial following raids on Coventry, were concealed and not unearthed until after the war. The government felt a need to censor images which were particularly distressing or which showed the country not coping well with disaster. A photograph of the bombed playground of Catford Girls School is an example of an image that was not shown to the public. Dead bodies in bags are seen strewn all over the ground. Photographs of this nature were unlikely to have been approved for publication because actual, rather than implied, death is clearly shown. This might have disturbed people, especially those who had not had a personal experience of sufferings of this magnitude. Actually to see a picture of the dead bodies of children just casually lying around is far more depressing than an impersonal, relatively meaningless list of casualty figures. Also, the viewing of images showing despair or intense grief was restricted. The government wanted to put across the message that Britain was coping well and pulling together; being psychologically unaffected. Film clips such as one of a bereaved woman overcome with grief after a funeral would not corroborate this and so were banned. However, many scenes of physical destruction were not censored, but used as pieces of propaganda. This was so that the people of Britain could be shown rising above the devastation around them and emerging as a united, confident, glorious nation. The film Neighbours Under Fire shows many newly-made homeless people who are singing, laughing and apparently pulling together as a community. This courage is made more startling by the repeated shots of the completely wrecked buildings around them. Their homes and belongings may have been destroyed, as we are constantly reminded, but their spirit has not. This use of propaganda was not directly hiding the effects of the Blitz but rather slightly misrepresenting the psychological and social ramifications. We see a country whose spirit is completely unaffected by the hardship; which is becoming a stronger nation because of it. There is no mention of the terrified residents of Coventry trekking out every night and sleeping in the fields or the vast, fearful crowds gathering to force the government to open the Tube stations as shelters. Also, if the message of the propaganda had been that Britain was barely affected at all then the anger of the people who knew otherwise would have been aroused and little notice would have been taken of the material. The films were made more plausible by the showing of some measure of destruction and this actually helped to disguise the real situation because people would have seen little reason to question the image of unity and perseverance conveyed. The British government tried to hide the effects of the Blitz by these means to preserve the morale of the people. They knew that a nation without patriotic resilience could not sustain the multi-faceted war effort at home and so through radio broadcasts, newsreels and poster campaigns sought to manage the public perception of and reaction to the Blitz.

The Science Behind Glow-in-the-Dark Products

The Science Behind Glow-in-the-Dark Products Glow-in-the-dark powders, glow sticks, ropes, etc., are all fun examples of products using luminescence, but do you know the science behind how it works? The Science Behind Glow-in-the-Dark Glow-in-the-dark falls under several different sciences including: Photoluminescence by definition is the emission of light from a molecule or atom that has absorbed electromagnetic energy. Examples include fluorescence and phosphorescence materials. The glow-in-the-dark plastic constellation kits that you stick on your wall or ceiling are an example of a photoluminescence-based product.Bioluminescence is the light emitted by living organisms using an internal chemical reaction (think deep sea creatures).Chemiluminescence is the emission of light without the emission of heat as the result of a chemical reaction (e.g., glowsticks),Radioluminescence is created by the bombardment of ionizing radiation. Chemiluminescence and photoluminescence are behind the majority of glow-in-the-dark products. According to Alfred University professors, the distinct difference between chemical luminescence and photoluminescence is that for light to work via chemical luminescence, a chemical reaction has to occur. However, during photoluminescence, light is released without a chemical reaction. The History of Glow-in-the-Dark Phosphorus and its various compounds are phosphorescents or materials that glow-in-the-dark. Before knowing about phosphorus, its glowing properties were reported in ancient writings. The oldest known written observations were made in China, dating back to 1000 BCE regarding fireflies and glow-worms. In 1602, Vincenzo Casciarolo discovered the phosphorus-glowing Bolognian Stones just outside of Bologna, Italy. This discovery started the first scientific study of photoluminescence. Phosphorus was first isolated in 1669 by German physician Hennig Brand. He was an alchemist who was attempting to change metals into gold when he isolated phosphorus. All photoluminescence glow-in-the-dark products contain phosphor. To make a glow-in-the-dark toy, toymakers use a phosphor that is energized by normal light and that has a very long persistence (the length of time it glows). Zinc Sulfide and Strontium Aluminate are the two most commonly used phosphors. Glowsticks Several patents were issued for Chemiluminescent Signal Devices during the early seventies that were used for naval signaling. Inventors Clarence Gilliam and Thomas Hall patented the first Chemical Lighting Device in October 1973 (Patent 3,764,796). However, it is not clear who patented the very first glowstick designed for play. In December 1977, a patent was issued for a Chemical Light Device to inventor Richard Taylor Van Zandt (U.S. Patent 4,064,428). Zandts design was the first to add a steel ball inside the plastic tube that when shook would break the glass ampoule and start the chemical reaction. Many toy glowsticks were built based on this design. Modern Glow-in-the-Dark Science Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a contactless, nondestructive method of probing the electronic structure of materials. This is from a patent-pending technology developed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory that uses small organic molecule materials to create organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) and other electronics. Scientists in Taiwan say they have bred three pigs that glow-in-the-dark.